--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/src/lib.rs	Thu Nov 26 22:53:35 2020 +0100
@@ -0,0 +1,310 @@
+//! A convenience crate for optionally supporting systemd socket activation.
+//! 
+//! ## About
+//! 
+//! The goal of this crate is to make socket activation with systemd in your project trivial.
+//! It provides a replacement for `std::net::SocketAddr` that allows parsing the bind address from string just like the one from `std`
+//! but on top of that also allows `systemd://socket_name` format that tells it to use systemd activation with given socket name.
+//! Then it provides a method to bind the address which will return the socket from systemd if available.
+//! 
+//! The provided type supports conversions from various types of strings and also `serde` and `parse_arg` via feature flag.
+//! Thanks to this the change to your code should be minimal - parsing will continue to work, it'll just allow a new format.
+//! You only need to change the code to use `SocketAddr::bind()` instead of `TcpListener::bind()` for binding.
+//!
+//! Further, the crate also provides convenience methods for binding `tokio` 0.2, 0.3, and
+//! `async_std` sockets if the appropriate features are activated.
+//! 
+//! ## Example
+//! 
+//! ```no_run
+//! use systemd_socket::SocketAddr;
+//! use std::convert::TryFrom;
+//! use std::io::Write;
+//! 
+//! let mut args = std::env::args_os();
+//! let program_name = args.next().expect("unknown program name");
+//! let socket_addr = args.next().expect("missing socket address");
+//! let socket_addr = SocketAddr::try_from(socket_addr).expect("failed to parse socket address");
+//! let socket = socket_addr.bind().expect("failed to bind socket");
+//!
+//! loop {
+//!     let _ = socket
+//!     .accept()
+//!     .expect("failed to accept connection")
+//!     .0
+//!     .write_all(b"Hello world!")
+//!     .map_err(|err| eprintln!("Failed to send {}", err));
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Features
+//!
+//! * `serde` - implements `serde::Deserialize` for `SocketAddr`
+//! * `parse_arg` - implements `parse_arg::ParseArg` for `SocketAddr`
+//! * `tokio_0_2` - adds `bind_tokio_0_2` convenience method to `SocketAddr`
+//! * `tokio_0_3` - adds `bind_tokio_0_3` convenience method to `SocketAddr`
+//! * `async_std` - adds `bind_async_std` convenience method to `SocketAddr`
+
+#![deny(missing_docs)]
+
+pub mod error;
+
+use std::convert::{TryFrom, TryInto};
+use std::fmt;
+use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
+use crate::error::*;
+
+pub(crate) mod systemd_sockets {
+    use std::fmt;
+    use std::sync::Mutex;
+    use libsystemd::activation::FileDescriptor;
+    use libsystemd::errors::Error as LibSystemdError;
+    use libsystemd::errors::Result as LibSystemdResult;
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub(crate) struct Error(&'static Mutex<LibSystemdError>);
+
+    impl fmt::Display for Error {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+            fmt::Display::fmt(&*self.0.lock().expect("mutex poisoned"), f)
+        }
+    }
+
+    // No source we can't keep the mutex locked
+    impl std::error::Error for Error {}
+
+    pub(crate) fn take(name: &str) -> Result<Option<FileDescriptor>, Error> {
+        match &*SYSTEMD_SOCKETS {
+            Ok(sockets) => Ok(sockets.take(name)),
+            Err(error) => Err(Error(error))
+        }
+    }
+
+    struct SystemdSockets(std::sync::Mutex<std::collections::HashMap<String, FileDescriptor>>);
+
+    impl SystemdSockets {
+        fn new() -> LibSystemdResult<Self> {
+                                                                            // MUST BE true FOR SAFETY!!!
+            let map = libsystemd::activation::receive_descriptors_with_names(/*unset env = */ true)?.into_iter().map(|(fd, name)| (name, fd)).collect();
+            Ok(SystemdSockets(Mutex::new(map)))
+        }
+
+        fn take(&self, name: &str) -> Option<FileDescriptor> {
+            // MUST remove THE SOCKET FOR SAFETY!!!
+            self.0.lock().expect("poisoned mutex").remove(name)
+        }
+    }
+
+    lazy_static::lazy_static! {
+        // We don't panic in order to let the application handle the error later
+        static ref SYSTEMD_SOCKETS: Result<SystemdSockets, Mutex<LibSystemdError>> = SystemdSockets::new().map_err(Mutex::new);
+    }
+}
+
+/// Socket address that can be an ordinary address or a systemd socket
+///
+/// This is the core type of this crate that abstracts possible addresses.
+/// It can be (fallibly) converted from various types of strings or deserialized with `serde`.
+/// After it's created, it can be bound as `TcpListener` from `std` or even `tokio` or `async_std`
+/// if the appropriate feature is enabled.
+///
+/// Optional dependencies on `parse_arg` and `serde` make it trivial to use with
+/// [`configure_me`](https://crates.io/crates/configure_me).
+#[derive(Debug)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde_crate::Deserialize), serde(crate = "serde_crate", try_from = "serde_str_helpers::DeserBorrowStr"))]
+pub struct SocketAddr(SocketAddrInner);
+
+impl SocketAddr {
+    /// Creates `std::net::TcpListener`
+    ///
+    /// This method either `binds` the socket, if the address was provided or uses systemd socket
+    /// if the socket name was provided.
+    pub fn bind(self) -> Result<std::net::TcpListener, BindError> {
+        self._bind().map(|(socket, _)| socket)
+    }
+
+    /// Creates `tokio::net::TcpListener`
+    ///
+    /// To be specific, it binds the socket and converts it to `tokio` 0.2 socket.
+    ///
+    /// This method either `binds` the socket, if the address was provided or uses systemd socket
+    /// if the socket name was provided.
+    #[cfg(feature = "tokio_0_2")]
+    pub fn bind_tokio_0_2(self) -> Result<tokio_0_2::net::TcpListener, TokioBindError> {
+        let (socket, addr) = self._bind()?;
+        socket.try_into().map_err(|error| TokioConversionError { addr, error, }.into())
+    }
+
+    /// Creates `tokio::net::TcpListener`
+    ///
+    /// To be specific, it binds the socket and converts it to `tokio` 0.3 socket.
+    ///
+    /// This method either `binds` the socket, if the address was provided or uses systemd socket
+    /// if the socket name was provided.
+    #[cfg(feature = "tokio_0_3")]
+    pub fn bind_tokio_0_3(self) -> Result<tokio_0_3::net::TcpListener, TokioBindError> {
+        let (socket, addr) = self._bind()?;
+        socket.try_into().map_err(|error| TokioConversionError { addr, error, }.into())
+    }
+
+    /// Creates `async_std::net::TcpListener`
+    ///
+    /// To be specific, it binds the socket and converts it to `async_std` socket.
+    ///
+    /// This method either `binds` the socket, if the address was provided or uses systemd socket
+    /// if the socket name was provided.
+    #[cfg(feature = "async-std")]
+    pub fn bind_async_std(self) -> Result<async_std::net::TcpListener, BindError> {
+        let (socket, _) = self._bind()?;
+        Ok(socket.into())
+    }
+
+    // We can't impl<T: Deref<Target=str> + Into<String>> TryFrom<T> for SocketAddr because of orphan
+    // rules.
+    fn try_from_generic<'a, T>(string: T) -> Result<Self, ParseError> where T: 'a + std::ops::Deref<Target=str> + Into<String> {
+        if string.starts_with(SYSTEMD_PREFIX) {
+            match string[SYSTEMD_PREFIX.len()..].chars().enumerate().find(|(_, c)| !c.is_ascii() || *c < ' ' || *c == ':') {
+                None => Ok(SocketAddr(SocketAddrInner::Systemd(string.into()))),
+                Some((pos, c)) => Err(ParseErrorInner::InvalidCharacter { string: string.into(), c, pos, }.into()),
+            }
+        } else {
+            Ok(string.parse().map(SocketAddrInner::Ordinary).map(SocketAddr).map_err(ParseErrorInner::SocketAddr)?)
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn _bind(self) -> Result<(std::net::TcpListener, SocketAddrInner), BindError> {
+        match self.0 {
+            SocketAddrInner::Ordinary(addr) => match std::net::TcpListener::bind(addr) {
+                Ok(socket) => Ok((socket, SocketAddrInner::Ordinary(addr))),
+                Err(error) => Err(BindErrorInner::BindFailed { addr, error, }.into()),
+            },
+            SocketAddrInner::Systemd(socket_name) => {
+                use libsystemd::activation::IsType;
+                use std::os::unix::io::{FromRawFd, IntoRawFd};
+
+                let socket = systemd_sockets::take(&socket_name[SYSTEMD_PREFIX.len()..]).map_err(BindErrorInner::ReceiveDescriptors)?;
+                // Safety: The environment variable is unset, so that no other calls can get the
+                // descriptors. The descriptors are taken from the map, not cloned, so they can't
+                // be duplicated.
+                unsafe {
+                    // match instead of combinators to avoid cloning socket_name
+                    match socket {
+                        Some(socket) if socket.is_inet() => Ok((std::net::TcpListener::from_raw_fd(socket.into_raw_fd()), SocketAddrInner::Systemd(socket_name))),
+                        Some(_) => Err(BindErrorInner::NotInetSocket(socket_name).into()),
+                        None => Err(BindErrorInner::MissingDescriptor(socket_name).into())
+                    }
+                }
+            },
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Displays the address in format that can be parsed again.
+///
+/// **Important: While I don't expect this impl to change, don't rely on it!**
+/// It should be used mostly for debugging/logging.
+impl fmt::Display for SocketAddr {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        fmt::Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for SocketAddrInner {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            SocketAddrInner::Ordinary(addr) => fmt::Display::fmt(addr, f),
+            SocketAddrInner::Systemd(addr) => fmt::Display::fmt(addr, f),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// PartialEq for testing, I'm not convinced it should be exposed
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq)]
+enum SocketAddrInner {
+    Ordinary(std::net::SocketAddr),
+    Systemd(String),
+}
+
+const SYSTEMD_PREFIX: &str = "systemd://";
+
+impl std::str::FromStr for SocketAddr {
+    type Err = ParseError;
+
+    fn from_str(s: &str) -> Result<Self, Self::Err> {
+        SocketAddr::try_from_generic(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a str> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseError;
+
+    fn try_from(s: &'a str) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        SocketAddr::try_from_generic(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<String> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseError;
+
+    fn try_from(s: String) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        SocketAddr::try_from_generic(s)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<'a> TryFrom<&'a OsStr> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseOsStrError;
+
+    fn try_from(s: &'a OsStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        s.to_str().ok_or(ParseOsStrError::InvalidUtf8)?.try_into().map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+}
+
+impl TryFrom<OsString> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseOsStrError;
+
+    fn try_from(s: OsString) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        s.into_string().map_err(|_| ParseOsStrError::InvalidUtf8)?.try_into().map_err(Into::into)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "serde")]
+impl<'a> TryFrom<serde_str_helpers::DeserBorrowStr<'a>> for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseError;
+
+    fn try_from(s: serde_str_helpers::DeserBorrowStr<'a>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        SocketAddr::try_from_generic(std::borrow::Cow::from(s))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "parse_arg")]
+impl parse_arg::ParseArg for SocketAddr {
+    type Error = ParseOsStrError;
+
+    fn describe_type<W: fmt::Write>(mut writer: W) -> fmt::Result {
+        std::net::SocketAddr::describe_type(&mut writer)?;
+        write!(writer, " or a systemd socket name prefixed with systemd://")
+    }
+
+    fn parse_arg(arg: &OsStr) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        arg.try_into()
+    }
+
+    fn parse_owned_arg(arg: OsString) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        arg.try_into()
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::{SocketAddr, SocketAddrInner};
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_ordinary() {
+        assert_eq!("127.0.0.1:42".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().0, SocketAddrInner::Ordinary(([127, 0, 0, 1], 42).into()));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn parse_systemd() {
+        assert_eq!("systemd://foo".parse::<SocketAddr>().unwrap().0, SocketAddrInner::Systemd("systemd://foo".to_owned()));
+    }
+}